The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.